Sam Bishop

Sam Bishop
I'm gonna tell you a story of a tragedy that happened to a friend of mine. It's a sad story, a story that brought a lot of pain and misery to one man and his family. Sam lived South on Broadway street at the edge of town in the poorest section. He was a good man went to Church, worked everyday at odd jobs cause he couldn't get a good one. He had four kids all teenagers two girls and two boys right good lookin' kids, they were. Sam's family and home was always clean and neet. His kids were polite, yes mam, and no mam, and didn't talk a lot.  Sam's wife was a pretty lady.  She took good care of her family and home.  All in all, a good clean hardworking black family.  They always raised a good garden, one that was the envy of most folks.  You'd see Sam out every mornin at sunrise hoe'n the weeds and breakin the ground in that garden.

You could always smell the breakfast Martha was cookin.  Martha cooked about the best biscuits in this part of the county.  She was a tall lady, fair complicted with fine facial features.  Her hair was always pulled back in a bun.  I never saw this beautiful lady when she wasn't smilin.  Anytime we went to Sam's house we always got the greetin, "How you boys doin?"  she's day.  Martha's pickles and jellies on a blue ribbon every year at the county fair.

Sam was also tall, six feet four inches, and thin, very muscular.  He was not as fair complicted as his wife.  He too had fine facial features, his hair was cut close to his head, and he was clean-shaven.  His wife was his barber.  He always said he had the best lookin barber in town!  When at home he wore bib overalls with one strap hooked and no shirt.  Said it helped cool him.  He was a nice lookin man, an honest Christian man.  I came to find out later that Sam was a man of steel, with a heart as big as Texas and fist to match.

Sam's children were good lookin.  His boys' names were Jacob and Luke.  His girls were Mary and Ruth.  Jacob was 17, Luke 15, Mary 16, and Ruth 14.  The boys cut fence post and firewood when they weren't in school.  The girls helped their mother with the housework and took care of the yard and the garden.  The kids were all tall and slender like their mom and dad.  A very handsome family!  The boys played football at Booker T. Washington High School.  Both boys were runnin backs and good ones.  The girls were cheerleaders.  Mary was the captain of the squad.  The girls practiced all the time.  Sometimes it was hard to talk when the girls were yellin, "Sis boom bah rah rah rah."  Sam would tell'm ya'll go in the back yard to practice while we got company.  I never heard Sam raise his voice to his kids.  I have heard Sam raise a belt to'em!

Me and some of my buddies used to coon hunt.  Dugan, Monk, Boone, R.D., and me would go by Sam's house and pick he and his boys up and we'd go huntin.  Sam had two old coonhounds he called Pete and Repete.  I had Mike and Chugger, and Dugan brought old Blue.  R.D. didn't have no dog.  My dog, Chugger, used to belong to an old man that ran a still.  Chugger would get in that old sour mash and get drunker'n a skunk.  The old man died and I would up with the dog.  He's been on the wagon for about two years.  I named him Chugger cause he liked to chug-a-lug that mash.  He could sniff out a still better'n most. 

We hunted with carbide lights that we wore on our hats.  If you don't know what a carbide light is it's a gas powered light.  You put carbide in your light.  Carbide looks like small white gravel add a little water to it and it forms a gas.  The gas is channeled into the center of a reflector, light the gas, and it makes a light.  You wear the light on your hat.

Let me tall you about my buddies.  I'll start with Dugan.  He was abouta five feet ten inches tall and weighed about 160 pounds.  He had a round nose and a round face and acted like a bull dog.  He had blonde hair and a flat top.  He always said he was goin to Denver and get rich when he got out of high school.  I guess he did.  The last time I heard of Dugan he had two construction companies.  Dugan played right guard on the football team. 

Then there was Boone.  He was about five feet eight inches tall and round all over.
Boone was strong and fast.  He had a round babyface and a little round belly.  He had another talent or curse, take your pick.  Boone could do impersonations not just people but things too.  Sometimes he would scare us to death makin a sound like a siren.  Boone would drive us all nuts with those crazy sounds.  Boone played left tackle on the football team.

Monk was the hunter of the bunch.  He didn't joke much and took everything real serious.  For meanness we used to say, "Monk what was that noise!!!"  He's stop whatever he was doin and cock his head to one side, stick his tongue between his teeth and listen real hard.  Then I'd giggle and he's get mad.  Monk was about six feet one inch tall, had sandy brown hair and weighed about 200 pounds.  He was quite a yound man.  Monk played left guard on the football team.

R.D. was quick.  He had a cunning about him that was remarkable.  He had the ability not to be where you thought he was.  R.D. was a hunter.  He liked to hunt birds best of all, quail, ducks and geese, not to mention coons, opossum, squirrel and anythink else that moved.  R.D. weighed about 165 pounds and was five feet eleven  inches tall.  He didn't play football but was a good athlete.

My name is Dave.  I was a skinny kid in high school with brown hair and green eyes.  I was about five feet eleven inches tall and weighed 130 pounds.  The biggest pleasure I got out of life was tormentin my buddies.  Sure got a charge out of it.  Buff Parker worked us hard at football practice so we were all in real good shape.  Buff was our football coach.  He wa an American Indian about my daddy's age and had a lota knowledge about football.  I enjoyed life as a yound man, much more than I knew.  I played center on the football team.

We all gathered at my house on a cool winter's evening in December.  It was dark when we started for Sam's.  The moon was full and the stars were so big and bright it looked like you could almost touch'em.  The milkeywas looked like the swath of a painter's brush across the sky.  It was a night to spend time with good friends.  When we got to Sam's he and his boys were ready.  "How you doin Sam?" I said.  "Doin right fine, we ready to go."  From the darkness of the front porch we heard the girls gigglin and Martha's familiar "how you boys doin?"  "Just fine Mrs. Bishop, just fine."  "Now you boys don't stay out real late and watch for them old bitein coon's."  "Martha you know them coons ain't gonna hurt us," I said.
"Well that don't make no never mind, you bring me one home and I'll sure cook it up with some sweet tatters."  "We'll do our best mam," I said.  Sam said "Boys I'm ready to go, my boys is'a chompin at the bit."  "We want to get them coons."  "Les go," I said.  Then Boone started makin a sound like a train, and off to the woods we headed hounds at our side.  Pete and Repete, Mike and Chugger, and Dugan's old Blue.  Did I mention Monk had a dog named Truman, wasn't a huntin dog just a good old dog.  Truman always tagged along.  R.D. didn't have no dog.  I felt sorry for R.D. not havin a dog.

We walked down the road past Mt. Olivetti Cemetery, and than about a half-mile further we passed a cemetery for Black folks.  Didn't have no name or I never heard one and I'd lived there all my life.  Folks just called it the nigger graveyard.  My mama wouldn't let me say that word, sides that Sam would'a got me good.  Just past the cemetery we turned off in the woods, went down about a half-mile, and turned the dogs loose.  We stood there and listened for about twenty minutes.  Nobody sayin nothin, just listenin.  It was a beautiful sound listenin to them old hounds run.  Then Sam said, "Ah yea, listen to'm run.  I believe old Pete's out in front."  "Nah he ain't, thats old Blue," Dugan said.  "You may be right Dugan, sounds like old Pete tho"  said Sam.  I don's care who's out front long as we get a coon, said R.D.  "Les follow them hounds,"  said Boone.  We went through the woods like a party of indians stalking our prey, quietly almost silent.  Sam taught us how to walk without makin noise.  He taught us a lotta things as I look back.  You'd listen when he spoke.  His voice was deep and mellow he had a solt gentle way of sayin things that make you want to learn.  Sam should have been a teacher, but he didn't get to go to school much.  He had a third grade education.  He was a very intelligent man.  Not often do you find a man so strong yet so kind and gentle.

We was runnin through them woods chasein them hounds, me and Monk was out front.  Suddenly Monk stopped and said, "listen!"  Everyone stopped and listened hard for a few seconds.  Jacob, Sam's oldest said, " I believe they done treed."  Dugan said, "naw it's to early."  Luke, Sam's youngest said, "Coons don't know what time it is.  They jus know them hounds is on their butt."  Sam said, "Luke that'll be enough of that kind of talk.  Your mama done taught you how to talk and I don't think your butt or anybody else's butt was mentioned, you understand?"  "Yes sir, daddy."  Monk said, "I don't care about whose butt them hounds has treed."  Monk don't ag him on, he's got a bad enough mouth like it is and his mama will tear his butt up if she hears him talkin like that," Sam said.  R.D. said, "Come on, there down this way!"

We went to the right down a little hill into a draw, our lights was bouncein funny as we ran.  When you use carbide lights they hard to run with.  Sometimes the wind blows'm out.  We ran down this draw about three hundren yards when we say the dogs barkin and abellerin under a big oak tree.  Monk said, "I told ya they treed."  "Sure is, I hope it's a big one," Sam said.  "Les shake his butt outa that tree," said Luke.  "Boy I done told you bout your mouth, next time you say somethin like that I'm gonna knock fire from ya."  "Yes sir, daddy."  "Boy you just don't learn good do ya little brother," said Jacob.  "I know you Jacob, you just as bad as Luke.  Your mama named you names out the Bible and when you around your mama and me you gonna live up to them names.  Now that'll be enough of that talk, ya hear?"  "Yes sir, daddy."

We stood lookin up into that tree, lookin for that coon.  As I stood there I could see through the branches the stars and moon there was a lone cloud floatin by it covered part of the moon.  The sky was so black the stars looked like jewels in heaven.  It looked like a beautiful painting.  I loved the woods.  The woods had bout everythink a man could want.  I was awaken from my daydream when I heard Boone yell" I see'em, look he's right up there," pointing with his right hand.  We looked into the tree where Boone was pointin, and sure nuff there was that old coon lookin back at us.  His eye's reflectin yellow back at us.  Luke you want to talk about your butt get it up that tree and bring that old coon down.  "Yes sir," said Luke.

Monk and Dugan and R.D.  gave Luke a boost up that tree.  He was ready to knock that coon out.  Luke got up the tree about half the way.  This old oak tree had limbs like small trees it was one big tree.  Luke was sittin strattle this big limb lookin at this old coon out on the end.  He had a big stick with me to poke'im out with.  He started out the limb it got smaller as it went, so he wrapped his arms and legs around the limb and skooted out to the coon.  While he was skootin he lost his hat and light.  The light from the other guys was all he had.  He was within two feet o that coon, stick in his hand.  He started swingin, the coon charged, he ran up his head, got a mouth full of his coat, ran down his back and down the tree.  He left Luke up in that tree one arm and two legs locked around the limb, and his eyes closed, still swingin that stick.  The coon was on the ground and the dogs killed him real fast.  And Luke was still swingin that stick.  When he got down out's that tree, the boys sure did kid him about that bittin coon, just like Martha said.  That coon nearly tore the collar off his coat.  He left claw marks on his head, back, and butt.

That was all we got that night.  We had a great time, Sam would tell us stories while we walked home.  He always made'm good.  He told us one called the "Death of Rob Winslow".  That was good one, it scared me to death, but nobody could own up to be'n scared.  We got to Sam's house.  It was dark and looked like nobody was home.  Then we heard Marths say, "How you boys doin?"
"We doin fine Mrs. Bishop, your up kinda late aren't you?" said R.D.  She said, "My man and my boys wasn't home yet, couldn't go to sleep til they got home."  "You can go to bed now Martha cause we're home," Sam said.  "Good night all," and she went to bed.  "We'll see you boys later, I got to go out tothe barn and clean this coon."  "Good night Sam."  As we left we heard him tell his boys to get a lantern and go to the barn.  We had many good huntin trips with Sam and his boys that winter.

One day in January Sam was helpin a man plant some trees in his yard when a yound lady came speeding down the street.  He looked up when he heard her coming.  She lost control of hier car and came through the yard Sam was workin in.  Sam had to move fast to get out of her way.  She went through that yard into the next yard and hit a bit oak tree.  The car burst into flames.  The man Sam was working for tried to get to the car.  It was too hot.  Sam pulled his coad over his head, went intointense flames, pulled the door open, and got the unconscious lady out of the car. Saving her life. The car was a total loss. Sam was burned pretty badly on his hands and arms. The lady's name was Barbie Bell. She was a pretty girl, blond, petite, and well built, and had a turned up nose. She had a reputation for driving fast, and Sam said he could smell alchol on her breath. Barbie was hurt pretty bad. Her breast bone was broken, and she had a cut on her head. The cut ran from the hairline on the right side of her head to the bottom of her cheek on the left side of her face. The Doctor took about ninty stitchesin her. She was in the hospital for quite a while. Sam had to go to a Doctor out by his house to get his burns wrapped. The next day the paper read, Charles Jenkins saves woman's life.
That was the man Sam was working for. Sam didn't mind that nobody paid for his Doctor bills or he didn't even get credit for his heroic act. He just said, I'm just glad the lady's alright. That was Sam's way.

Then things turned ugly, somebody started the rumor that Sam had touched the lady when he got her out of the car. It hurt Sam deeply to thing people would think that sort of thing about him. Rumors flew, but nobody was man enough to call Sam out. They all feared'im. Sometimes they would stand a good safe distance away, and shout insults at'em. Sam said, "when they do that I just say a little prayer, and let the Lord take care of'em. The whole family was shut out of society. It was bad enough be'in black, but be'in hated for something you didn't even do, made it all the worse. Martha couldn't even sell her fancy quilts. The kid's went to Booker T. Washington School, and even the there wouldn't talk to'em. The School sent Jacor home for fightin' seems he whipped a couple of boys because of their mouth. Things looked pretty bad of Sam, he even thought of moving to another town. We felt their wrath for being Sam's friend. All five of us got sent home for fighting at one time or another.

My Mother went grocery shopping, when she was checking out, the owmer of the store said to my Mother, "that boy of yours still hangin' around with that nigger". "Let me tell you Bob your not half the man that man is, and if I ever hear you use that word again I'll go stright to that part of town , and tell all those people just what you called'em, and see where they buy their groceries then". My Mother walked out leaving everything she bought on the counter. Bob left town and stayed gone for a week! Mama went to Sam and told'em what Bob had said, Sam told her the Lord'll take care of him.

Martha kept tellin' Sam, just relax, and give it some time. "Time heals all things".
Sam would go into his bedroom, and Pray for hours at a time. Then one day Sam walked out of his bedroom and said, "if things don't get better I'm gonna hurt someone". He then walked outside and went to work. Martha thought to her self, "Lord please take good care of my man". She was right things did get better, by the last of February it had just about gone away. Or so we thought.

The last week in February us guy's went to Sam's house to see how they were doin'. It was dark when we got there. There wasn't any lights on in the house. I went up and knocked on the door. No answer. That was real unsual, somebody was always at Sam's house. Monk said, "there must be something wrong, Sam's always home". Showing his serious nature. Boone said, "they mighta' gone to the show or somethin'". "There always home, it's like Monk said there's somethin' wrong," said Dugan. "Naw, there ain't nothin' wrong, les go down to that old wagon trail behind cemetery, and see if it goes to a still or somethin', we might find us some whisky to drink", I said. "Yeah all you got to do is sniff the lid to get drunk", said Dugan. "Yeah get drunk", said Boone, and he started makin' sounds like a drunk. "Les go", said Monk. So off we went down past the cemetery. Monk said, "you can make fun of me if you want to , but they's somethin' wrong". I said,
"looks like a bunch of cars been goin' down this road". "yep your right, I told you something was wrong". said Monk. " Monk you talk like a man with a paper butt hole in a trash fire". We headed down the wagon trail that in the past day or two had had a lotta use.

We walked down that road for about a mile when we came over this hill into a clearing. In the distancewe saw some lights in the woods. It was really unsual, most people didn't go to the deep woods at night. We were about two hundred yards away. There was a gentle slope to where the woods started again. We could hear men hollerin' and laughin', but we couldn't make out what they were sayin'. We thought they might be a bunch of fox hunters listenin' to their dogs run, but we couldn't hear no dogs. Dugan said, "les go down and see what's goin' on". Boone said, "we might better stay away  it might be moonshiners". I said, "theys to many of'um, sides that they wouldn't be makin' all that noise if they was moonshiners".Monk said, "les sneak up there and see what there doin', this is old man Everetts land, and I don't think he lets a whole lot of people come on his place. "Ok les go check it out", RD said.

We crouched low and headed for the woods, the close we got the more noise, and bright lights. When we got there we looked into a second small clearing, it must have been an old house site. We were behind five picpups; they were all headed the same way with their lights on shining toward a big oak tree. We couldn't see to well because of the pickups. We moved around to the side so we could get a better look. What I saw took my breath. Rd said, Gollieee. "Man that's terriable", Boone said. Monk said, "I'm gonna kill them sorry son a bucks". RD said, " I'm gonna help". I stood there motionless, couldn't say a word. I could see about ten men, two girls, and Sam.

Sam was tied to a big oak tree, his hands and feet were bound. They had picked Sam up and hung him on a stug of a limb. Sam hung there suspended between heaven and earth, helpless while Elmo Johnson beat the hell out of'em with a long black whip. "Ya like that nigger"? "You gonna fool with another white woman"? Elmo was a local bully. He was a big man about two eighty and six foot two. He had red hair and a heavy red beard to match, he owned the goodyear store in town.
Elmo had a bunch of good old boys that hunted and fished with'em. Thay'd do and thing Elmo said as long as he kept'em in wildcat whisky. Elmo yelled out again "you gonna fool with anymore white women nigger"? Sam hangin from that tree defied'em, he wouldn't cry out, he wouldn't finch or even change the expresson on his face. That made Elmo mad, he said, "I'll make you beg boy, take'em down".
Three or four of Elmo's buddies lifted Sam off that stub of a limb, turned him around, and shoved his cut and bleeding back aginst that oak tree. Sam never let on that he felt anything. He took all the beatin' they could dish out, and never made a sound.

Elmo walked over to Sam, looked in his eyes, and saw contempt and defiance.
"You'll crawl before I finish with you boy" said Elmo. Sam said, "take your best shot sonny". Elmo still lookin at Sam, said "Jinks, you been wantin' some of that little gal, get it". Jinks was a little man about thirty years old who drank and smoked to much. He was about five foot ten weighed about one hundred and forty,
didn't have a beard, but didn't shave much either. You could the fear in Sam's face when Jinks looked at Mary.

Sam said, "Elmo you or one of your boys touch my girls I'll kill ya, and your boys"!
"Get her Jinks,", said Elmo still lookin' at Sam. "You're a dead man Elmo", said Sam. Elmo said it again, "get'er Jinks". Sam struggled at the ropes ubtil his hands were covered this blood. Jinks was standin' about ten feet from me. He turned and leaned his pump shotgun aginst a tree, and started walkin'; toward the girl. Tears began runnin' down Sam's face. The feeling of helplessness was almost more than he could stand.

The girls were wearing blue jeans cotton button up the front shirts and high top brogan shoes. Jinks walked toward her. Sam yelled, "I'll kill ya Jinks"! His lust was greater than his ffear of death. Three-fingered Eddie got one of Mary 's arms and J.J. Earnest got the other one, they held her good. Jinks got closer to Mary. Mary said,"you better stay from me". Jinks stopped, and looked at Sam, and grinned real big, then he turned and went for Mary.Mary cried and looked so helpless. Jinks faced her, and began to open her blouce. Suddenly she kicked him in the nuts so hard it hurt me. He fell to the ground holdin' himself and heavin up his guts.
Sam said, "way to go baby". Elmo turned and hit Sam, wham! Right in the face it knocked his head back aginst the tree. Blood was runnin' down the back of his neck. His nose was bleedin', and his face was cut.  "Now say somethin else, Nigger." Sam said, "Is that all you got?  I've had worse than that scufflin with my boys."  Three-fingered Eddie grabed Mary by the hair and said, "I'll teach you to kick my buddy you little bitch!"  Eddie pulled harder on her hair and bent her head back to kiss her.  That was an almost fatal mistake.  He forced his tongue into her mouth.  Mary bit down on that tongue and three-fingered Eddie started squallin but Mary wouldn't let go.  Blood ran out of her mouth and dripped off her chin.  Eddie kept hollerin!  Elmo ran to Mary and hit her just above the eye!  It knocked her unconscious.  They let her fall to the ground but not before she had bitten an inch off of three-fingered Eddy's tongue.  Mary lay there on the ground, lifeless.  They turned Ruth loose.  She ran to Mary and fell on top of her.  Ruth put her finger in Mary's mouth and gently pulled out a piece of Eddy's tongue.  She threw it as far as she could.  Elmo said, "Kill the bitch!"

In the confusion, Monk had eased around behind the tree where Sam was tied.  He took his huntin knife and reached around the tree and began to cut the ropes on Sam's feet then his hands.  I stepped behind the tree that Jinks had leaned his shotgun against.  I reached and got the shotgun.  I was fixin to step from behind the tree when I heard a siren.  It got louder and louder.  "It's the sheriff!" Elmo said.  He turned and looked at Sam but it was too late.  Sam was on him.  Sam hit him one time with his huge right hand and Elmo went down.  They turned and looked for their guns but Dugan and R.D. had already got'm.  Boone with his silly impersonations had saved the day.  Sam ran to his daughters and held them, dareing anyone to come close.  "You ok, baby?"  "Yes, daddy I'm find."  "How bout Ruthie?"  "I'm ok too, daddy."

Boone kept up his impersonations.  It sounded like a hold troop of police.  "You men, on your stomach hands behind your back,"  shouted Boone.  In the confusion they followed orders like Marines.  Before long we had them all tied up and ready for the real police.  Three-fingered Eddie was still bleeding pretty badly.  Elmo was out cold.  Sam really whooped him one. He was still sleepin like a baby.  When Sam found his girls to be alright he helped load'em in the back of a couple of pickups.  We headed for the hospital.

On the way back to town we wtopped at Sam's house and got Martha and the boys.  Martha had been taking care of her mother.  She took the boys with her in case it was dark when she came hom.  That left am and the girls home alone.  Shortly after dark Elmo and his boys came in and kidnapped Sam and his girls at gun point.  When we pulled up to the house Martha came runnin outside sayin, "Sam is that you?"  Sam walked out of the shadows so Martha could see him.  "Oh Sam, what happened!"  "Never mind, I'm alright."  Sam said as he took Martha and the boys in his arms and hugged them.  "I'll tell you about it later.  Right now er got to get to the hospital.  Mary did one of them old boys in pretty good."  "She did!  What did she do?"  "I'll tell you about it later," Sam said.

We pulled into the hospital emergency area.  I went in and told the nurse we had some injured people outside and ask her to call the police.  She got a doctor to come out and help with the injured.  Elmo was still out.  Three-fingered Eddie was really pale I guess from loss of blood.  The doctor started on Eddie first. " What happened to this man?"  I knew they called the sheriff so I went to a pay phone, dug out a nickel, and called the state troopers.

They didn't pay any attention to Sam's wounds, they just took care of the other ones.  I told the doctor.  "Sam's hurt real bad he needs help."  "I'll get to him in due time.  I've got white folks to take care of,"  he said.  The nurse said, "let me see your friend."  She went to Sam, looked'im over and said, "what in the world happened to you?"  "I guess a man shudda been somewhere sides where he was, cause I sure had a heap of trouble bein where I was."  "What?" she said. "Oh, never mind.  Let me get you fixed up."  Sam had deep gashes on his back from the whip.  They took hundreds of stitches sewin'em up  The gashes would heal but the gashes on Sam, Ruth, and Mary's heart would last forever.

The state came in, they had some trials, sentenced all of'm to twenty-five years, cept Elmo and three-fingered Eddy.  They got fifty years.  Three-fingered Eddy never spoke again.  They got'em for attempted murder and rape.  Jinks' left testicle was ruptured and had to be removed.  Somebody paid Sam's doctor bill; nobody ever knew who.  Then Sam got a job at the mill, first black man to work there.  People brought flowers and gifts and left them at Sam's door.  The whole town wanted to say "I'm sorry" but didn't seem to know how.

I learned a great deal from that poor uneducated black man.  He taught me tolerance, persistence, when to talk and when to keep my mouth shut.  If Sam had been an educated man he's been a genius.  I think he was anyhow.  Us boys, me Dugan, Monk, R.D., and Boone were considered heroes but we didn't feel like heroes.  We just felt like we'd helped a friend when he needed it.  By the way I learned about friendship from Sam.  The greatest lesson I ever learned.  Friendship is blind.  It sees no color or age or anything accept need, the need to have a friend and to be a friend.

Well, that's about the end of my story.  Sam is still my friend.  We hunted together until I went in the Navy.  He worked at the mill until a few years ago when he retired.  I'd go see Sam when I went home, and Martha would say, "how you doin Dave?"  "Just fine Martha, just fine."  Sam died about a year ago, lots of people came to his funeral, black and white.  Some city officials made speeched, said all kinda pretty things.  I don't think it impresed Sam much.  sam never thought of himself anyway accept just plain Sam Bishop, man of God.  .... I guess you could say Sam Bishop started the Civil Rights movement in my hometown.  Thanks, Sam.

Author
DMc