This week: One, er, Seven Plots to Rule Them All Edited by: Max Griffin đłď¸âđ More Newsletters By This Editor
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Stephen J. Cannel wrote that, âEvery great movie, book or play that has stood the test of time has a solid Three-Act structure.â He also said, âMost writers plot with their heads and write with their hearts.â Hitchcock reminds us that the readers care about the characters, while the plot is there to give the characters something to care about.
While plot is an important component of storytelling, itâs just one part. There is a tension between the deliberate planning involved in contriving a plot and the spontaneity of writing the characters. Writing involves breathing life into the characters and their fictional world.
Good storytelling employs a whole array of tools beyond plot, things like point-of-view, psychology, dialogue, action, setting, emotions, and mood. Writing is more than words in a row. Writing turns mere words into living, breathing people, with highs and lows, desires and fears, loves and hates. Writing reveals with harmony and dissonance, lyricism and cacophony, rhythm and syncopation.
Plot is not story. Story is that creation that the words on the page invoke and inspire. Story resides in the head and heart of the reader and is a collaboration between the author and the reader. The authorâs goal is to engage the reader in the storyâin that holistic enigma that resides in the netherworld between dream and reality.
Thatâs not to say plot is irrelevant. Itâs fundamental, especially for longer works, because it provides structure. But if you get stuck in a novel, one thing to consider is whether youâre head is following a plot that doesnât make sense for your characters. Chances are, youâre trying to write with your head instead of your heart. In any case, itâs time to examine the connection between characters and plot to see if your block is from a fundamental disconnect between the fictional world of your characters and the plot youâre trying to wedge them into.
Which brings us to The Seven Basic Plots, a supposedly comprehensive analysis by Christopher Booker of the seven basic plots in all fiction. âSupposedlyâ because the book itself dismisses as "flawed" masterworks for the sin of falling outside his proposed taxonomy. If the outliers were themselves marginal works, it would be less distressing, but they include works like Joyceâs Ulysses, D.H. Lawrenceâs Women in Love, and Kafkaâs The Trial. Presented with a taxonomy that praises Crocodile Dundee but rejects Rigoletto, my inclination is to keep searching.
However, the utility of Bookerâs list is less in assessing the artistic merit of a work than in giving authors another set of potential frameworks for their stories. In an earlier newsletter, I wrote about the three act play as âone plot to rule them all.â Thatâs probably true, since the three act play is flexible and not proscriptive, unlike Bookerâs grouping. Indeed, all of Bookerâs categories are versions of the three act play, and more than a couple are also versions of Joseph Campbellâs The Heroâs Journey, made famous by Star Wars.
Bookerâs list claims to be Jungian in nature in that its underlying theory contends that artistic conflict/resolution always involves a male protagonist reintegrating his âfeminineâ side. In itself, this is at best an incomplete understanding of Jung and, at its worst, is overtly sexist, as is revealed in other comments by Booker. But this is beside the point regarding the general plot types, which can be useful if your story happens to fit the structure. You donât have to buy into his questionable philosophical basis to find utility in his list.
Here are the plot types with a couple of examples for each.
Overcoming the Monster. Think Dracula or any James Bond book.
Rags to Riches. Cinderella, The Jerk.
The Quest. Watership Down, Raiders of the Lost Ark.
Voyage and Return. The Time Machine, Finding Nemo.
Comedy. The Big Lebowski, The Taming of the Shrew.
Tragedy. Bonnie and Clyde, The Great Gatsby.
Rebirth. A Christmas Carol, Groundhog Day.
When youâre writing, itâs almost inevitable youâll get stuck at some point. Cannel also reminds itâs okay to write junk, and points out that everyone from Shakespeare to Hemingway has written junk. (Some days it feels like thatâs all I write, but thatâs another story.) The point is to have enough self-awareness to edit and revise, and to be true to your story, not forgetting that plot is just part of the story.
Readers come to us for our characters. Our characters arise from our hearts, not our heads. If youâre stuck, follow your heart and youâll most likely find the answer.
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References
Terminator2 Good, The Odyssey Bad , review of Seven Plots in the Guardian.
The Seven Basic Plots , online copy of Seven Plots
Screenwriting Tips from Stephen J. Cannel
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Booker loathes Amadeus in part because he thinks it's about Mozart instead of Solieri. In any case, he dismisses it as "flawed," the same thing he says about Bloom's walk through Dublin in Ulysses. Because these depart from his rather narrow model, he says they are indicative of "what's wrong with modernity."
What do you think? Do you have a favorite movie or book that defies Booker's constrained vision? He could have commented on Spartacus, for example, but didn't. How about, say, The Boys in the Band, or Thelma and Louise? Do you think tjhey fit, or would Booker have found them flawed, too? |
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