This book deals with some integral concepts that are necessary to understand algebra. |
6. EQUATIONS II 6.1 FRACTIONAL EQUATIONS A fractional equation is an equation in which the variable appears in the denominator. For example, (5+x)/x=2 is a fractional equation. ∙ To solve fractional equations, you should apply the steps as follows: Step1. Simplify – remove parentheses, clear any fraction, collect like terms. Step2. Transpose – isolate all terms with the variables to be solved to one side of the equal sign and transpose everything else to the other side. Step3. Simplify Step4. Divide by the coefficient of the variable. Step5. Check by substituting the value of the variable into the original equation. Remember: For all fractional equations make sure to check your solution. Example1. (5+x)/x=6 Steps: 1. Simplify by clearing fractions (5+x)/x=6/1 [Multiply each term by the Lowest Common Denominator 5x/x+(x∙x)/x=(6∙x)/1 (LCD)] 5+x=6x 2. Transpose. 5=6x-x 3. Simplify. 5=5x 4. Divide by the coefficient of x 5/5=5x/5 1=x 5. Check: substitute for x (5+1)/((1))=6 6/1=6 6=6 The solution is 1=x Example2. 1+ 5/x=(-1)/4 Steps: 1. Simplify-Multiply each term by L.C.D 1+ 5/x=(-1)/4 1(4x)+5/x (4x)=(-1)/4(4x) 4x+20x/x=(-4x)/4 2. Transpose 4x+20x/x=-x 3. Simplify 4x+20=-x 4. Divide by coefficient of x 5x/5=(-20)/5 x=-4 5. Check: 1+ 5/((-4))=(-1)/4 1+-1 1/4=(-1)/4 (-1)/4=(-1)/4 This is true for x=-4 The solution is x=-4 Example3. (2x-4)/(x-3)=3+2/(x-3) Now we will work out this equation without writing the steps. (2x-4)/(x-3) (x-3)=3 (x-3)+2/(x-3) (x-3) 2x-4 =3(x-3)+2 2x-4 =3x-9+2 2x-4-3x =-9+2 2x-3x =-9+2+4 -x =-3 x =3 Check: (2x-4)/(x-3)=3+2/(x-3) (2(3)-4)/((3)-3)=3+2/((3)-3) (6-4)/0=3+2/0 But division by zero is undefined so 3 cannot be a solution ANSWER: The equation has no solution. Example4. 5/(2x-1)=3/(x+1) We will work out this equation without writing the steps. 5/(2x-1)=3/(x+1) 5(2x-1)(x+1)/(2x-1)=(3(x+1)(2x-1))/(x+1) 5(x+1)=3(2x-1) 5x+5 =6x-3 5x-6x =-3-5 -x =-8 x =8 Check: 5/(2x-1)=3/(x+1) ((5))/(2(8)-1)=3/(8+1) 5/15=3/9 1/3=1/3 This is true for x=8. EXERCISE 6.1 Solve the equations: 1/4=3/x (x-2)/3=(2x+1)/7 10/(x-3)=(-5)/1 -3= 6/(x-2) (3x-3)/(x-1)=2 6.2 LITERAL EQUATIONS A literal equation is an equation that contains letters and numbers. We solve for a letter in terms of the other letters. ∙ To solve Literal equations you should apply the steps as follows Step1. Simplify –remove parentheses, clear any fractions, collect like terms. Step2. Transpose –isolate all terms with the letter to be solved for, on one side of the equation and transpose everything else to the other side. Step3. Simplify. Step4. Divide each term of the equation by the coefficient of the letter to be solved for. Example1. 6x-5y=4x+3y To solve for x: 6x-4x=3y+5y 2x=8y 2x/2=8y/2 2x/2=8y/2 x=4y Example2. Solve for y: 6x-5y=4x+3y -5y-3y=4x-6x -8y=-2x -8y/(-8)=-2x/(-8) y=x/4 Example3 Solve for x: 3x+5y=ax+2y 3x-ax=2y-5y x(3-a)=-3y x(3-a)/(3-a)=(-3y)/(3-a) x=(-3y)/(3-a) You may multiply the numerator and denominator by -1. x=(-1(-3y))/(-1(3-a) ) =3y/(a-3) Example4. Solve for y: 3x+5y=ax+2y 5y-2y=ax-3x 3y=x(a-3) 3y/3=x(a-3)/3 y=x(a-3)/3 Example5. Solve for y: t(y-1)=-t(y+4) ty-t=-ty-4t ty+ty=-4t+t 2ty/2t=(-3t)/2t y=(-3t)/2t y=(-3)/2 EXERCISE 6.2 Solve for y: 1. 2xy/3c=t/m 2. 2ct+4d=3xy-4b 3. xy+3y=bx+7c 4. 4x+5c-2y=o 5. y(x+2)=π-ct 6-10. Now solve each of the above equations for x. 6.3 SUMMARY EXERCISE for Ch6. Solve for x, for questions 1 to 5: 1. 4/(x+3)=1/(x-3) 2. (x+3)/(x-2)=2 3. 4/5 x- 1/4=-3/2 x 4. 4/(x-2)-1/x=5/(x-2) 5. 5+ (3+x)/x=5/x 6. c=2πr…solve for r 7. R=V/I…,,,,I 8. V=U+at ,,,,t 9. y=mx+c ,, ,,m 10. A=(a+b)h/2 ,, ,,h For questions 11 to 15 solve for the letter in parentheses. The formula. 11. V=1/3 Ah…(h) 12. I=PRT/100…(R) 13. P=2(l+b)…(l) 14. v=u-gt…(t) 15. PV/T=k…(V) |